Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes pain and swelling of the joints. RA generally affects the small joints of the hands and feet and neck, but larger joints like hips, knees and shoulders may be affected.

Normally the immune system fights off infection to keep us healthy. In RA the immune system attacks the lining of the joints causing swelling and damaging the joint surfaces.

Symptoms can vary from person to person, but common signs of RA include:

• Hot, swollen, tender joints
• Morning stiffness lasting more than an hour
• Symmetrical symptoms, meaning it commonly affects both sides of the body
• Flare ups, where symptoms may worsen for a time before easing again
• Fatigue and a general feeling of being unwell

The exact cause of RA remains unkown, but certain factors may increase your risk:

• It is more common in women
• A family history can increase susceptibility 
• Smoking increases your risk of developing RA
• A sedentary lifestyle and being overweight are also contributing factors

It is important for your medical team to consider your symptoms, perform a thorough physical examination, refer to imaging (Xray) and blood tests. The blood tests are looking for inflammation markers and antibodies. An Xray may show joint changes even in the early stage of the disease. Definitive diagnosis may take some time as the tests are not always positive even though you have RA. Referral to a rheumatologist is important if symptoms persist to start effective pharmacological treatment.

MEDICINES

There have been significant advances in the medicines used to treat RA in the last 20 years. This is resulting in better management of joint damaging inflammation. Better pain relief allows  patients to engage in physical activity and stay functionally active for longer. Medicines may include;

• Pain relievers (e.g., paracetamol)
• NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
• Corticosteroids, taken orally or as injections
• DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs)
• Biological DMARDS, which target specific parts of the immune system

Physiotherapy plays a vital role in managing RA. At Everybody Physiotherapy, our experienced team supports patients by:

• Designing individualised exercise programs to maintain flexibility and strength

• Helping balance activity with rest to avoid the “boom-bust” cycle of overexertion and fatigue

• Using massage and gentle joint mobilisation to reduce stiffness and pain

• Providing splints for support during flare-ups or activity

• Offering hydrotherapy in our on-site heated pool—a gentle, low-impact way to build strength and reduce pain

Our physiotherapists are skilled in helping people with RA stay mobile, manage fatigue, and build long-term resilience.

With early diagnosis, the right medications, and support from a multidisciplinary healthcare team—including physiotherapists—you can live well with RA. Consistent physical activity, symptom management, and expert guidance can empower you to take control of your condition.